AUTOMOTIV industry- OEM spare parts&accessories

 

Types and Working Principles of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)

Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) are classified mainly based on fuel type and operation cycle. The two main types are:

1. Spark-Ignition Engine (SI) – Gasoline Engine

• Uses a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.
• Works on the Otto cycle, consisting of four strokes:
  1. Intake Stroke: Air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder.
  2. Compression Stroke: Piston compresses the mixture.
  3. Power Stroke: Spark plug ignites the mixture, causing an explosion that pushes the piston.
  4. Exhaust Stroke: Burnt gases are expelled from the cylinder.

2. Compression-Ignition Engine (CI) – Diesel Engine

• Uses high compression to ignite fuel without a spark plug.
• Works on the Diesel cycle, which has the same four strokes but relies on heat from compression to ignite the fuel.

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Electric Car Engines and Working Principle

Electric vehicles (EVs) use an electric motor powered by rechargeable batteries instead of an internal combustion engine. The working principle consists of:

1. Battery Pack: Stores electrical energy (usually lithium-ion).
2. Power Inverter: Converts DC power to AC power for the electric motor.
3. Electric Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.
4. Controller: Regulates power from the battery to the motor.
5. Regenerative Braking: Converts kinetic energy back into stored electrical energy.

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Hybrid Engine Working Principle

Hybrid cars combine both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor for better fuel efficiency and lower emissions. The three main types are:

1. Series Hybrid: The electric motor drives the wheels, and the engine charges the battery.
2. Parallel Hybrid: The engine and motor both drive the wheels.
3. Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV): Similar to a parallel hybrid but with a larger battery that can be charged externally.

⚡ Illustration of Hybrid Vehicle System: I'll generate an image to explain hybrid cars.

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Most Successful Manufacturers (Ranking by Sales Volume)

Top Internal Combustion Engine Car Manufacturers (2023)

1. Toyota (Japan) – Most ICE vehicle sales globally.
2. Volkswagen Group (Germany) – Owns brands like Audi, Porsche, and VW.
3. General Motors (GM) (USA) – Chevrolet, Cadillac, and GMC.
4. Ford (USA) – Popular for trucks and SUVs.
5. Honda (Japan) – Efficient engines and reliability.

Top Electric Car Manufacturers (2023)

1. Tesla (USA) – Largest EV manufacturer.
2. BYD (China) – Leading in affordable EVs.
3. Volkswagen Group (Germany) – Strong EV growth.
4. Hyundai-Kia (South Korea) – Expanding EV lineup.
5. Mercedes-Benz (Germany) – Luxury EV market.

Top Hybrid Car Manufacturers (2023)

1. Toyota – Pioneered hybrids with the Prius.
2. Honda – Strong hybrid lineup (Accord Hybrid, CR-V Hybrid).
3. Hyundai-Kia – Growing hybrid portfolio.
4. Ford – Strong hybrid SUV and truck sales.
5. BMW – Performance-oriented hybrid models.

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